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Symbolism of NUMBERS and of geometrical FORMS
Nombres
The number is used to count, to measure sizes. But it has not only this function. For Pythagoras the numbers
expressed initially qualities, and the measurement of quantities, the arithmetic of
businessmen being the use low, most vulgar that one could make some. Because the contents esoteric
of the number translate the laws of cosmos and are declined in the processes of creation. Then let
us start with some words on Pythagoras and his thought by pointing out what its Plato disciple
had written in the entry of his school:
" That no one does not enter here if he is not a geometrician."
Known by the schoolboys because his triangle, Pythagoras lived at VIth century BC. It studied in
Egypt lasting more than 20 years before travelling and supplementing its knowledge, then
founded its school in Crotona in Sicily. One spoke there metaphysical, mathematics, geometry,
cosmology but also social and political organization. Its radiation was such as the most
significant thinkers of the time spent a few years there and that the increasing number of the
followers, the pythagoricians seized the political power. All did not have to occur for best:
towards 500 BC, a revolt of the local peasants led to a general massacre. It is not known if
Pythagoras which died about this time was victim. The rare ones saved, in escape or a journey,
dispersed and founded their own school. It is in one of it that many years later Plato was
initiated.
The pythagoricians constituted what today one would call a sect. There were the Masters who
lived withdrawn enough from the world, with their studies, their rules, their secrecies and their
signs of recognition, and the followers who took part in the life of the city. One of the latter is
well-known: Milon of Crotona, the proper son-in-law of Pythagoras, several times winner with the
Olympic Games.
For Pythagore, all is in the number and the laws and the harmony of the universe must be
required in the number (entireties) and the relationship between these numbers. Although none of
its writings reached us, the teaching of Pythagore propagated and deepened by its successors
influenced Greek science and the thought then Western until our days (Kepler, Newton...)..
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